Earlier version of this paper was read at the second international congress of applied linguistics, cambridge university, cambridge, england, in september 1969. The intent of this chapter is to provide a selective overview of current second language acquisition sla research. The study of native language influence in second language acquisition has undergone significant changes over the past few decades. In sum, gass and selinker have produced an updated text with nice coverage of the breadth of information related to second language acquisition.
The influence of different vocabulary instructional techniques upon the acquisition of different language words was examined in two experiments. The term interlanguage il was introduced by the american linguist larry selinker 1972 to refer to the sl adult learners grammatical system. Selinkers interlanguage theory by erin tillman on prezi. Interlanguage il refers to the linguistic system of learner language produced by adults when they attempt meaningful communication using a language they are in the process of learning. An assumption underlying the interlanguage hypothesis proposed by selinker 1972 is that interlanguage at least partially different from the native language and the target l2 is a linguistic system in its own right. In the introduction selinker proposes to examine current il hypothesis by having a constant dialogue with its founding texts. The new handbook of second language acquisition 2nd revised edition. Interlanguage implications atic, and selinker uses it as evidence for the psychological reality of fossilizations and interlanguages. Includes generator for pdf creation with over 80 unique page elements includes reportwriter for reportstyled pdf creation with a designer layout. This is a brief overview of interlanguage for the reader to understand the main points. The construct of interlanguage was proposed by larry selinker in 1972 and stimulated the first research studies in the new field of second language acquisition sla. Larry selinker helped found the field of second language acquisition, suggesting early on selinker, 1972, the robust concepts of interlanguage and fossilization, and conducting one of the first empirical studies in language transfer research. Interlanguage theory is generally credited to larry selinker, an american professor of applied linguistics whose article interlanguage.
As far as language learning is concerned, we can observe that. Interlanguage in context gass and selinker provide a detailed and wellpresented discussion of variation in l2 grammar in the first part of this chapter, bringing in evidence from the acquisition of phonology, morphology and syntax from various l2 studies. He is now preparing a 40plus year fossilization study. An interlanguage is idiosyncratically based on the learners. The theory specially emphasizes the integration of social, cultural and biological elements in learning processes and stresses the sociocultural circumstances central role in humans cognitive development. The detail with which interlanguage data is discussed makes this text appropriate for graduate level instruction but its readability also makes this a viable choice for advanced undergraduates. I begin by presenting several approaches to sla, including formal linguistics. A deed in lieu of foreclosure dil is a popular alternative to foreclosure in that it allows the mortgage lender to obtain immediate title to real property collateral without what could be. Acquisition of english articles by croatian primary school students in early english foreign language learning. Gass and selinker take a multidisciplinary approach to adult second language acquisition sla, in which insights and research material from several perspectives, primarily linguistics. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the interlanguage il.
Some empirical studies larry selinker and dan douglas abstructit is argued that lsp and interlanguage studies in sla need each other. This book is a thorough revision of the highly successful text first published in 1994. Larry selinker is professor emeritus of linguistics at the university of michigan, and former director of the universitys english language institute. Larry selinker proposed the theory of interlanguage in 1972, noting that in a given situation the utterances produced by the learner are different from those native speakers would. Another method could be that the onliest thing what is needed to change the descriptionpage on the interwikiproject, is to add a kind of templatelanguage code or better like interlanguage or interlanguage. Rediscovering interlanguage applied linguistics and language study 9780582064010. Library acquisitions faq what is the function of acquisitions. Technically, interlanguage is a term with applied linguistic color. He described in terlanguage as a separate linguistic system based on the observable output which results from a learners attempted production of a. What is the role of faculty in selection of library materials. Sociocultural theory, based on vygotskian thought, is a theory about the development of human cognitive and higher mental function. Interlingual interference in the english language word. This term was firstly coined by larry selinker and refers.
None of these issues can be resolved without a serious interlanguage semantics. Selinker, larry this work is a revised edition of the text first published in 1994. In 1972, selinker introduced the concept of interlanguage, which built upon. Interlanguage was the first significant theory which tried to explain l2 acquisition. An introductory course slaic is a welcome addition to the growing number of introductory texts on second language acquisition. Corders and selinker s work became the foundation of modern research into secondlanguage. Assessing language learners language, also called interlanguage selinker 1972.
Includes merger for pdf merging, form filling, appending, watermarking, etc. With your download, get the 20 best papers relevant to this one, including 20 top related papers. The interlanguage theory, that assumes that an active and independent learning mind selinker believes that the evidence for interlanguage can be found. These two characteristics of an interlanguage result in the systems unique linguistic organization. He suggests that we read the early scholars to better understand how processes such as language transfer, fossilization, and universal processes function and interact with one another in the process of sla. Approaching the language of the second language learner eric. Larry selinker is one of the original contributors to the research field of second language acquisition, having introduced the concepts interlanguage and fossilization and having conducted one of the first empirical studies in language transfer research in 1969. A study of interlanguage fossilization in second language. Cambridge university press cambridge introductions to language and linguistics. An introductory course is required reading as part of the tesol program at msu, and is an indispensable condensed guide to the hundreds of research articles on topics such as child language acquisition, interlanguage data and processes, sla and linguistics, universal grammar, input, interaction and. In experiment 1, comparisons were made between the learning of chinese and french words employing both pairedassociate presentations and spacing procedures. The term interlanguage was coined by the american linguist, larry selinker, in recognition of the fact that l2 learners construct a linguistic system that draws, in part, on the learners l1 but is also from the language target a learners interlanguage is, therefore, a. Selinker s five fossilization process steps overgeneralization. Related questions that continue to stimulate research.
As native speakers of a language, we know that the way we combine. This chapter claims that the interlanguage hypothesis is best understood, not as a theory of second language acquisition sla, but as a set of questions that motivate divergent answers and research programs. It also refers to the series of languages that have been constructed over a period of time. Fossilization stages of interlanguage development the linguistic system is not a. Interlanguage is based on the theory that there is a psychological structure latent in the brain which is activated when one attempts to learn a second language. How do i learn about the status of a departmental allocation. The authors retain the multidisciplinary approach that presents research from linguistics, sociology, psychology, and education, in a format designed for use in an introductory course for undergraduate of graduate students. As the wikimedia projects grow, more articles are written about the same subject in different languages. It seems reasonable to suggest, how ever, that the persistence of fossilized forms could weil indicate that the interlanguage of a speaker who displays this kind of regression is. This book, which includes 12 chapters by distinguished researchers in the field of second language acquisition, traces the conceptual history of language transfer from its early role within a contrastive analysis framework to its current position within. Interlanguage refers to the language a learner has constructed at a specific point in time, an interlanguage.
A method is that it has to be entered on the pages hand by hand. An interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or l2 which preserves some features of their first language or l1, and can also overgeneralize some l2 writing and speaking rules. Corders and selinkers work became the foundation of modern research into secondlanguage. In this article, we address the important issue of how we know. How does the librarys materials budget get allocated to departments.
The relationship between interlanguage, learning and cross. Selinker believes that the evidence for interlanguage can be found in what he calls fossilizations, that is. The possible implications of the study of fossilization to second language learning and teaching. The results supported the view that language transfer affects the acquisition of. The authors retain the multidisciplinary approach that presents research from linguistics, sociology, psychology, and education, in a format designed for use in an introductory course for undergraduate or graduate students. In the case where 20 languages have an article on the same subject, each article should link to 19 other languages, so there are 2019380. Selinkers 1972 basic question is whether there is a linguistic system that underlies the output of second language learners. In 1972, selinker introduced the concept of interlanguage, which built upon pit corders previous work on the nature of language learners errors. In the past, interlanguage was studied by analysing errors a learner makes at a certain point in time. Interlanguage and grammar benati major reference works. Readers are encouraged to study more indepth to gain a full appreciation of the history, development, and implementation of this theory as it contains an. Second language learners develop an internal linguistic system called interlanguage. Selinkers opinion, fossilization is an undeletable mental mechanism in interlanguage. When one interlanguage link is added in one project it will eventually be added to the other as well.