By mechanical properties this thesis means the oedometer modulus, youngs modulus and the shear modulus. The saddle dam is a bituminous faced rockfill dam, bfrd, 5 km long and about 70 m high. This paper presents the dynamic analysis executed in an earth and rockfill dam for a tailings facility located in southeast peru. Zoned rockfill dams dams constructed of soil, of rock, or of a combination of soil and rock are called embankment dams. Introduction the seismic coefficient method, which is the current design standard used in rockfill dams in japan, defines seismic force as a constant inertial force in the vertical direction 1. Factors influencing the stress conditions, the strength and compressibility properties of the embankment materials, and the. Twelve chapters provide specialist information on concepts, designs, technical specifications, construction details. A particular derivative of the simple arch dam is the cupola or double curvature arch dam. Rockfill dam free download as powerpoint presentation. Quintaferreira2 1, executive director mecasolos, rua xavier araujo, 11, nucleo 8 6. Rockfill dam, a kind of embankment or socalled earthrock dams, is a water retaining barrier composed of three major parts. Click to add title bastelos a selfspillway rockfill dam.
The second international symposium on rockfill dams evaluation of rockfill properties based on index tests a. Thousands of embankment dams exceeding 20 meters in height have been constructed throughout the world. Masjedesoleiman dam instrumentation paul j williams, halcrow group limited synopsis. The dam the acciano rockfill dam is located in the centre of italy perugia province. Bibliography includes bibliographical references p. With the developments in dam engineering and the technology used, concrete faced rockfill dams cfrds became popular in recent years, especially in the regions with a shortage of impervious soils. Missouri university of science and technology scholars mine. For the proper operation and maintenance of a dam, see an owners guidance manual for the inspection and maintenance of dams in new york. Material 2 is the continuous support for the concrete face and prevents seepage. For the nuozhadu high core rockfill dam, a back analysis model is proposed using the radial basis function neural network optimized using a particle swarm optimization algorithm psorbfnn and the technology of finite element analysis for solving the. Foundation treatment of embankment dams with combination of. Nonlinear finite element reliability analysis of concretefaced.
The first rockfill dam known to use concrete facing was chatworth park dam which was constructed in california, in 1895. The seepage of a rockfill dam with a high core wall is an important and. Fell eppalock dam during remedial works in 1999 photo courtesy of goulburn murray water. For details regarding impervious core, is 8826 may be referred to. Uses, application, and considerations of a rockfill dam. The general principles presented herein are also applicable to the design and construction of earth levees. The cupola dam introduces complex curvatures in the vertical as well as the horizontal plane. In this work, the static and dynamic responses of nuozhadu high earthrockfill dam have been. Rockfill dams are very widely constructed all over the world due to their good adaptability to diverse geological and geographical conditions, and their relatively low cost compared to other dam types. The compaction quality control for the face rockfill dam is achieved. Seismic analysis of an existing earth and rockfill dam. This assumption, however, does not reflect actual rockfill dam.
Twelve chapters provide specialist information on concepts, desig. Materials available within short haul distances are used, the embankment dam can accommodate a variety of foundation conditions, and. Commonly used drainage features inside the body of the dam. Creep deformation of rockfill 2 which deformations can be estimated. Pdf reliability analysis of high rockfill dam stability. The tailing storage facility tsf includes a rockfill centerline constructed dam with a low permeability core zone. The period from 1850 to 1940 is called the early period by cooke 1984. Usage of rockfill dams in the hecras software for the. Summary methodically demonstrating the basic rules for the design criteria of earthfill and rockfill dams, this book guides the reader from preliminary work through the design stages to the construction and control of safety in completed structures.
In dam engineering, the distribution of materials in a concrete face rockfill dam is well known in what refers to specifications and convention codes for their identification. The seismic design of earthfill and rockfill dams routinely relies on methods of analysis, which adopt simplifying assumptions regarding the dam geometry, soil. The dam height can be naturally increased by adding more rocks behind the diaphragm without encroaching on the reservoir area. In some circumstance, building dams over thick overburden layers is. Concrete face rockfill dams cfrds are gaining a worldwide recognition as the most economical type of dams to be constructed in extreme northern and subantarctic regions. Embankment dams are most economical where the materials at the dam site can be used to construct the embankment with little or no processing.
Seismic analysis of concrete face rock fill dams 665 of simplified procedures or the equivalent linear analysis in combination with newmarks sliding block analysis of slopes produces a safe design. The work consists of the construction of rockfill zones of embankments and other rockfills required by the drawings and specifications, including bedding where specified. Material for rockfill and bedding shall be obtained from the specified sources unless otherwise specified in section 10 of this specification. The behaviour of the core of rockfill dam with slanting clay core was investigated with the jebba main dam, nigeria as a case study. The stressdeformation behavior of the dam was studied using the finite element mathematical modeling technique. It is important to determine the seepage field parameters of a high core rockfill dam using the seepage data obtained during operation. A rockfill dam is built of rock fragments and boulders of large size. Embankment deformations under static loading occur as a result of volumetric changes, lateral spreading, or shear displacements within the embankment and foundation materials.
United states society on dams 21st century dam design advances and adaptations 31st annual ussd conference. A selfspillway rockfill dam excessive head of water in the reservoir is relieved totally by flow through the rockfill. Foundation treatment of embankment dams with combination of consolidation and compaction groutings. The two principal types of embankment da ms are earth and rockfill dams, depending on.
Such loose cohesionless soils are potential sources of failures and are real hazards in hydraulic dam construction. A reinforced concrete slab is then constructed at the upstream face of the dam. Material for rockfill and bedding shall be obtained from the specified sources unless otherwise specified in section 025. The influence of large deformations on asphaltic cores and membranes examples of the rockfill dams of breitenbach and primsreservoir, frg. Rockfill dam definition, a dam built mainly of rocks of various sizes fitted compactly together.
Yele asphalt concrete core rockfill dam yele hydropower project is located in mianning county of liangshan prefecture and shimian county of yaan city, sichuan province. Research on realtime supervisory system for compaction quality. It is the most sophisticated of concrete dams, being. Design and construction of nemiscau1 dam, the first asphalt core rockfill dam in north america. Such data include much uncertainty owing to the limitation of measurement information, material parameters, load, geometry size, initial conditions, boundary conditions and the calculation model. Rehabilitation design of acciano rockfill dam after the. The design must, of necessity, incorporate a watertight membrane, which is generally sited either centrally in the dam or in the form of an upstream. Concrete face rockfill dam compared to roller compacted concrete dam a case study of dam constructions in panama master of science thesis in the masters programme geo and water engineering tom karlsson and jonas tallberg. Rockfill in its various formsdumped, compacted in layers, handplaced cobbles and masonry, equipmentplaced masonry, and wet masonryhas been known since ancient times as a useful, reliable, and durable construction material.
Currently, the dam is at an elevation of 4475masl, with a maximum height of 75m and a crest length of 342m, and will be raised until reaching the elevation of. Increasing freeboard or designing the spillway for the passage of larger flood flows. An impervious membrane is placed on the rockfill on the upstream side to reduce the seepage through the dam. The rockfill rogun dam in the kazakhstan, when completed, will be the highest dam in the world with 335 m tall. Some generalized sec tions of earth dams showing typical zoning for different. Singh 1996 refers the following world records for rockfill dams. Rao, scientist c, central soil and materials research station, new delhi110016 email. The main dam is founded on rock and the saddle dam is founded mainly on residual soils.
Pdf design and construction of embankment dams ashkan. This consulting guide presents details and analyses of twentyeight large crfd dams worldwide, including the highest dam in the world. The construction of earth dams by hydraulic means was curtailed in the 1940s due to economic. Rockfill dams were of the impervious face type, constructed by dumped rockfill, until earth core dams began to be developed in about 1940. Geomechanical characterization of residual soils for. The writer agrees with sherard that the available data on performance of dams. Research on a seepage monitoring model of a high core rockfill. The impermeable parts are usually made of reinforced concrete, asphaltic concrete or clay. Draft 4 introduction the origin of rockfill dams can be traced back to the mining region of california sierras, in the 1850s. A general designation of a type of dam body filled with rockfils or gravels compacted in layers, and also with its face slab as a antiseepage system. These structures are effective because the force of the river or reservoir hits the impervious zone and is transferred to the firmly packed transition zone where water can slowly begin to filter through the dam. It expertly guides the reader from preliminary work through the design of various embankment dams and on to the construction and finally the control of safety in completed structures. Rockfill dam can be designed satisfactorily when hydraulics of flow through rockfill dam is known.
Guide for design and construction of concrete face. Since there is no pore water pressure which can be built in the freedraining compacted rockfill, the. The instrumentation installed at the dam was designed to meet international. Monitoring data on an earthrockfill dam constitutes a form of spatial data. A zigzag geomembrane core for a rockfill cofferdam in ethiopia. Material for rockfill and bedding shall be obtained from the specified sources unless otherwise. Susceptibility of clay core to cracks in rockfill dams by. Concrete face rockfill dam draft cfrd international society hereby organized cfrd experts from relative countries for comprehensive summing up the experiences of constructions of world concrete face rockfill dam cfrd and studied the technical problems occurred recent years in the constructions of world high and very high cfrds, and presented. Numerical analysis of earthquake response of an ultra. A 180 m high earth and rockfill dam section, founded on strong base, having section and slopes similar to a high dam in the northern india was used as a base section for analysis. Esmeralda chivor dam, 1975, in columbia 237 m high and chicoasen dam, 1980, in mexico 261 m high. Pdf the ataturk dam is the fourth largest clay cored rockfill dam in the world. Embankment dams are commonly the lowest cost alternative type to construct because they can utilise locally available earth and rock fill materials and can be built on lower quality foundations than other dam types.
However, natural satisfactory sites are increasingly difficult to find in many countries due to past dam development. The embankment dam can accommodate a variety of foundation conditions, and. When rock is available, rockfill dam is an economical and fast tool for flood detention and control purposes. Concrete face rockfill dams presents the stateoftheart of dam design and construction. Reclamations earth manual usbr, 1974, 1990 identifies the following. Embankment dams are the most prevalent worldwide, ranging from small ponds to some of the highest dams. Pdf a program 3dstab combining slope stability analysis and reliability analysis is developed and validated. The rockfill guidelines establish basic procedures that can be readily adapted to sitespecific conditions. The membrane is usually made of cement concrete or asphaltic concrete.
Pdf research into protection of rockfill dams from. It is made up of the membrane which holds the water and transition zone which transfers the water load to the rockfill. Material for rockfill and bedding shall be obtained from the specified sources unless otherwise specified in. Currently, china is the leader in embankment dam construction. In early rockfill dams, steel and timber membrane were also used, but now they are obsolete. Rockfill dam construction and foundation treatment. In this video we will see what is the specification of rock fill embankment. They have an impermeable core or an impermeable layer on the upstream face of the dam to prevent seepage through the porous core.
As this type of dam consists of coarse particles, the flow will deviate from darcys law and mostly is turbulent. Cfrd international society foreword the concrete face rockfill dam cfrd has been constructed widely all over the world now its stability, taking full advantage of local excavated materials and constructed simply, and economically, and best adaptability to geology and. List of figures xiii,list of tables xxiii,foreword xxvii. Bay springs is the tenth and 1 ast lock and dam on the waterway above demopolis. This paper describes the method used to estimate the geotechnical parameters of the residual soils in the foundation site of the saddle dam. Guidelines for design high concrete face rockfill dam draft sponsor. The design must, of necessity, incorporate a watertight membrane, which is generally sited either centrally in the dam or in the form of an upstream facing. The main rockfill provides support for its own weight and stability, while the membrane holding the water creates an impervious zone. Concrete faced rockfill dams cfrd have been widely used for multipurposes over the world.
The mine is located in a seismically active zone within peru that has a history of significant earthquake. Materials for embankment dams united states society on dams. Pdf settlement and slaking problems in the worlds fourth largest. Concrete face rockfill dam compared to roller compacted. Research into protection of rockfill dams from overtopping using rockfill downstream toes article pdf available in canadian journal of civil engineering 3812. The construction of cfrd involves placing the highergrade rock at the dam core, and compacting them to their maximum strength. This manual presents fundamental principles underlying the design and construction of earth and rockfill dams. Imaging the failure of a rockfill dam following liquefaction article pdf available in dams and reservoirs 231. Imaging the failure of a rockfill dam following liquefaction. Design, construction and operation of a centerline. Rockfill dams are one of two types of embankment dams, the other being earthen dams. These structures are effective because the force of the river or reservoir.
The main rockfill the impervious zone auxiliary supporting members the main rockfill provides the structural support for the dam by its weight and internal stability. Valuable rockfill information was obtained from construction test fills using test procedures similar to those developed by the corps of engineers in the 1960s and modified for modernday compaction equipment. See article 150503, item 5 of the new york state, environmental conservation law reference 1. Practices in constructing high rockfill dams on thick. Rockfill dams pore pressures excessive compactive effort relative to the particular material may induce pore pressures in the earthfill greater than uplift pressures that will result from filling of. A study on concrete faced rockfill dams usq eprints. The dam is currently at a height of approximately 100 meters and has a planned ultimate height of 160 meters. Bids will be opened soonfor it, the eaton canyon dam will be an earthfull dam costing half a. Concrete face rockfill dam compared to roller compacted concrete dam a case study of dam constructions in panama master of science thesis in the masters programme geo and water engineering tom karlsson and jonas tallberdepartment of civil and environmental engineering division of water and environmental technology. In fact, these type of dams have been built all over the world for almost 150 years. A group of 32 photographs is included with this chapter to illustrate particularly important, onthejob construction conditions at a number of projects. The 84 m high dix river dam in kentucky and 101 m high salts springs dam in california are early high concrete face dams. Rockfill dams are mainly made from dumped and compacted rock fill.
The dam was constructed between 1996 and 2001 and impounding commenced in late 2000. Use of not sensitive to the frost action type of rockfill and construction technology allows lengthening the construction season. Despite the occurrence of some leakage problems, salt springs dam has been operating since 1931. Ufgs 35 73 embankment for earth and rockfill dams wbdg. A dam body filled mainly with gravels is also called as concrete face gravel dam. Rockfill is commonly used for construction of artificial islands, breakwaters, jetties, quay walls. Rockfill dams are appropriate for construction at locations where suitable rock can be quarried at or near the dam site, and where the foundations will not be subject to material settlement due to loading or to erosion from any seepage through or under the dam. Located in southeastern turkey, it is the centrepiece of a project. Study of seismic force coefficient for rockfill dams based.